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Click here to get full size Newsletter
"Opportunity is a haughty goddess who wastes no time
with those who are unprepared."
George Clason
Base Currency: Euro, EUR on 01-February-2008
1 EUR = 1.4854 USD 1 EUR = 0.7472 GBP 1 EUR = 1.4819 CAD 1 EUR = 1.666 AUD 1 EUR = 158.04 JPY 1 EUR = 2.621 BRL 1 EUR = 36.2961 RUB 1 EUR = 10.6847 CNY
| Base Currency: US Dollar on 01-February-2008
1 USD = 0.6733 EUR 1 USD = 0.503 GBP 1 USD = 0.9976 CAD 1 USD = 1.1216 AUD 1 USD = 106.399 JPY 1 USD = 1.7645 BRL 1 USD = 24.4348 RUB 1 USD = 7.193 CNY
| |
Note:
Just click on the price link and you will be led to our Market
Price History. Average barley market prices are French and are
estimated on FOB Creil basis.
Average Malt Prices are theoretical and based FOB Antwerp being
estimated on French malting barley.
The changes are compared to last Newsletter's
prices. Arrows indicate the direction of the change.
USA: Anheuser-Busch reports increased sales and earnings for the fourth quarter and full year 2007
...Click here
|
Australia: Foster’s, Lion Nathan, Coopers to increase beer prices
...Click here
|
Romania: Ursus Breweries expects market growth rate to slow down
...Click here
|
Denmark: Royal Unibrew to close Aarhus brewery in Q4 2008
...Click here
|
Bulgaria: Brewers produced 6 million hectoliters of beer in 2007
...Click here
|
Canada: Minister of Agriculture announces appointment of new President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Wheat Board
...Click here
|
USA & Belgium: InBev declines comment on Anheuser-Busch merger talk
...More Info
|
Australia: Lion Nathan arranges AU$450 million loan to refinance existing facilities
...More Info
|
Belgium: InBev to outsource internal service staff posts
...More Info
|
UK: First Minister meets new S&N owners to seek assurances over jobs
...More Info
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Australia: Cost of beer goes up in South Australia
...More Info
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Russia: Baltika Breweries receives the ‘HR-Brand of the Year’ award
...More Info
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Nigeria: Champion Breweries expresses confidence in federal government’s reforms programmes
...More Info
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Canada: Canada's Liberal Party calls Wheat Board changes undemocratic
...More Info
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Australia: ABB appoints Chief Financial Officer
...More Info
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USA: Anheuser-Busch reports increased sales and earnings for the fourth quarter and full year 2007
|
Anheuser-Busch Cos. Inc. reported that fourth quarter 2007 net sales increased 7.9 percent and diluted earnings per share increased 16 percent. For the full year 2007, net sales increased 6.2 percent and diluted earnings per share (excluding normalization items in both years) improved 10.3 percent, according to company’s press release, January 31.
"Anheuser-Busch achieved significant results in 2007," said August A. Busch IV, president and chief executive officer of the company. "We achieved strong earnings growth and broadened our beer portfolio to enhance our participation in the high-end segment. Our revenue per barrel performance was solid and we managed cost pressures effectively. International beer profits for the year for both our operations and those of our equity partners increased significantly and our packaging and entertainment segments contributed strong earnings growth. We also achieved significant increases in operating cash flow, return on capital and cash returned to shareholders."
U.S. beer shipments-to-wholesalers increased 3.4 percent for the fourth quarter, while sales-to-retailers increased 1.3 percent, on a selling day adjusted basis. Import brands contributed 230 basis points of growth to shipments and 180 basis points to wholesaler sales-to-retailers.
For the full year 2007, shipments-to-wholesalers increased 2 percent, and sales-to-retailers increased 1.3 percent with acquired and import
...More Info
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Czech Republic: Beer output grows by 1% in 2007
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Czech beer production will reach a record 20 million hectolitres last year, about one percent more on the year, and Czech beer exports will grow from 3.54 million to 3.7 million hectolitres, Jan Vesely, chairman of the Czech Beer and Malt Association, told CTK, January 29.
Final results for last year covering 45 industrial breweries operating on the Czech market will be available in February, said Vesely.
Markets in the neighbouring countries of Russia and Poland grow most dynamically, while the Slovak, Austrian and Hungarian markets are stagnant and the German market has been falling six years except for 2006.
Exports grow at a slower pace but still remain the main driving force of rising Czech production.
Last year, breweries exported nearly 3.7 million hectolitres, a growth of 160,000 hectolitres over 2006 when exports rose four times compared with 2005.
"I expect exports to rise by 150,000 hectolitres at most this year, with domestic sales remaining flat," said Vesely.
His words were confirmed by Mike Short, CEO of the largest Czech brewery Plzensky Prazdroj, at a news conference Tuesday.
Exports make up more than 18 percent of the output, most of them going to EU countries.
Now, however, it is more difficult to sell beer abroad also given
...More Info
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Chile: CCU 2007 profits up 32% on higher revenue
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Leading Chile brewer CCU said its 2007 net profit rose 32 percent from the same period last year as revenue climbed, according to Reuters, January 31.
CCU, also Argentina's second-largest beer producer, said profit rose to 79.199 billion pesos ($159 million) in 2007 from 59.964 billion pesos in 2006.
Total revenue rose 7.2 percent to 628.284 billion pesos from 586.186 billion pesos in 2006, as consolidated sales volume rose 6 percent. The largest percentage gains were in Argentina.
Operating profit rose 18.5 percent to 101.384 billion pesos, while operating losses fell.
The company agreed to buy Argentine brewer Inversora Cervecera (ICSA) in early October for $88 million.
($1 = 497.8 pesos)
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Australia: Foster’s, Lion Nathan, Coopers to increase beer prices
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Australia's three largest brewers are set to increase beer prices at the end of the week, according to Reuters, January 30. Foster's Group will lift prices by 1.9 percent to 3 percent, Lion Nathan by 1.7 percent and Coopers Brewery by 1.82 percent to 1.86 percent.
Coopers Brewery managing director, Tim Cooper, said the move to raise prices above the level of an automatic excise increase was prompted by an imminent 40 percent rise in malt prices from April and higher input costs. Foster's has the largest share of the beer market with 55 percent, while Lion Nathan has 42 percent and Coopers 3.5 percent.
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Belarus: Beer production increased 7.1% in 2007
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Belarusian brewers produced 3.55 mil hl of beer in 2007 which is 7.1% more than in 2006, according to “Belgospischeprom”, Interfax reported January 31.
The main producers were Krinitza brewery with 40.9%, Syabar with 15.7%, Olivaria with 12.7%, Lidskoe Pivo with 12.1%, Brestskoe Pivo – 8.4% and Rechitza Pivo – 8.1%.
According to specialists, beer consumption in Belarus in 2007 was of 4.5 mil hl, 15.6% higher than in 2006. The share of imported beer constituted 22.2% from total consumption volume (1 mil hl). The beer imports increased 61% in 2007 compared with 2006.
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Romania: Ursus Breweries expects market growth rate to slow down
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Stefan Maria Weber, the new chairman of Ursus Breweries, the producer of Ursus and Timisoreana beer brands, says he is impressed with the domestic beer market's growth rate over the past two years, but believes growth will slow down in 2008, Ziarul Financiar published February 29.
"The growth rate the Romanian beer market posted last year was very strong and unprecedented, exceeding even Russia's. We saw the biggest market increases of the past 18 months, with high temperatures and changing consumer habits proving to be the main growth drivers. This year, however, I don't expect market growth to top 10%," Weber told ZF in his first interview since his appointment as chairman of Ursus Breweries.
He became chairman on November 1, 2007, and replaced Dieter Schulze. Previously, Weber worked as sales, distribution and trade marketing manager for Europe with SABMiller.
"In the past, 80% of the hops required were harvested from Romania. After the drought, only 50% of hop production comes from Romania, which means we have to import more raw material at much higher prices than in the past, which will show in the price of final products," says Weber.
However, he estimates the market of alcohol-free beer has significant growth potential over
...More Info
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Denmark: Royal Unibrew to close Aarhus brewery in Q4 2008
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Denmark's Royal Unibrew AS said it has decided to close down production at its brewery in Aarhus in the fourth quarter 2008, as negotiations with affected employee groups have now resulted in an agreement, according to Thomson Financial, February 1.
The brewer said in January it was considering the close-down with an aim to strengthen future earnings.
As a result of the expected impairment losses, and due to deferral of closure costs to 2008, Royal Unibrew now sees a 2007 pre-tax profit at the lower end of 220-240 mln dkr; up from 200-220 mln dkr expected in January.
Unibrew reiterated its previous expectation that the closure will result in a positive EBIT impact of 20 mln dkr in 2010 onwards.
It added it will maintain an organisation in Aarhus with some 60 employees.
|
Bulgaria: Brewers produced 6 million hectoliters of beer in 2007
|
Almost 6 million hectoliters beer has been produced in Bulgaria in 2007, Newsbg reported January 30.
This makes 74 liters drunken beer per man, the Union of Brewers in Bulgaria (UBB) announced.
In 1993, the producing was little above 4 million hector liters.
Among the biggest producers are ‘Zagorka', ‘Kamenitsa' and ‘Carlsberg Bulgaria' companies.
Investments of UBB members in beer industry are 77.7 million BGN (39 million EUR) for 2007.
UBB has signed memorandums for cooperation with Federation of Consumers in Bulgaria.
They aim to prove high level of self-control, to habituate to moderate beer consumption and introducing of labels ‘Consume with pleasure and measure'.
UBB is approved as one of the first 11 brewery organizations from EU countries-members, presenting the brewery branch in front of European institutions.
|
Canada: Minister of Agriculture announces appointment of new President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Wheat Board
|
The Honourable Gerry Ritz, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food and Minister for the Canadian Wheat Board, announced the appointment of Ian White as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada reported in a press release, January 30. Mr. White has been appointed for a three-year term starting March 31, 2008.
"I am pleased that Mr. White has accepted the appointment of President and CEO of the CWB," said Minister Ritz. "With the strong support both this Government and the CWB have given Mr. White, I trust both will give him the freedom and the tools he will require to work in the interests of Western Canadian producers."
Mr. White’s appointment is fully supported by both the Government of Canada and the Canadian Wheat Board.
"The CWB, in conjunction with the government, engaged in a rigorous process and extensive search to find the best candidate for the position, and we are confident that Mr. White, with his comprehensive background and experience, will provide strong leadership to the corporation," said Ken Ritter, Chair of the Search Committee and the CWB Board of Directors.
Mr. White will provide strong leadership as the CWB faces a number of challenging issues,
...More Info
|
Australia: Barley stocks above year ago levels
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The Australian Bureau of Statistics reports that as of December 31, 2007, domestic barley stocks totalled 4.758 million tons, compared to 3.106 million on November 30, 2007.
The bulk of that was feed barley at 3.121 million tons, while malting barley accounted for 1.637 million tons.
|
Microbes in the tailoring of barley malt properties
Arja Laitila
Academic dissertation in Microbiology presented, with permission
of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the
University of Helsinki, for public criticism in the Auditorium of Helsinki University Museum Arppeanum, Snellmaninkatu 3, on the 31st of August 2007, at 12 o’clock noon.
Abstract
Malted barley (malt) is traditionally used in the production of beer and
distilled spirits. In addition, it can be processed into ingredients for
different areas of the food industry. Malting, the controlled germination
of cereal grains, is a complex biological process involving a wide range
of biochemical and physiological reactions. The diverse microbial
communities naturally colonizing barley grains play a crucial role in this
process. Therefore, the malting process can be considered as an ecosystem
involving two metabolically active groups: the germinating grains and the
diverse microbiota. It is evident that the multitude of microbes greatly
influences the malting process as well as the quality of the final product.
The main goal of this thesis was to study the relationships between microbes
and the germinating grain during the malting process. Furthemore, this
study provides a basis for tailoring of malt properties with natural,
malt-derived microbes....
Keywords barley, malting, malt quality, bacteria, yeasts,
filamentous fungi, microbiota, management, biocontrol
...
Load full article, 112 pages, 2465 Kb, PDF file
|
French barley prices. Nominal prices
EURO = USD 1.4854 February 01, 2008 |
Crop year |
2007 |
2008 |
Parity |
FOB Creil |
FOB Creil |
Position |
July 2007 |
July 2008 |
Type |
Variety |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
2RS |
Scarlett |
314.00 |
466.50 |
302.00 |
448.50 |
2RS |
Prestige |
313.00 |
465.00 |
301.00 |
447.50 |
2RS |
Cellar |
312.00 |
463.50 |
300.00 |
446.00 |
2RS |
Sebastien |
311.00 |
462.00 |
299.00 |
444.50 |
2RS |
Astoria |
311.00 |
462.00 |
299.00 |
444.50 |
2RS |
Cork |
311.00 |
462.00 |
299.00 |
444.50 |
6RW |
Esterel |
268.00 |
398.50 |
258.00 |
383.50 |
Prices for Danish malting barley are available on site
www.e-malt.com/MarketPrices
EURO = USD 1.4854 February 01, 2008 |
Crop year |
2007 |
Parity |
FOB Antwerp |
Position |
Feb 2008 - Sept 2008 |
Conditioning |
Bulk |
In bags |
Bulk containers |
Bags, containers |
Malting barley variety |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
2RS |
Scarlett |
574.50 |
853.50 |
598.50 |
888.50 |
590.50 |
876.50 |
604.50 |
897.50 |
2RS |
Prestige |
573.50 |
851.50 |
597.00 |
887.00 |
589.00 |
875.00 |
603.00 |
896.00 |
2RS |
Cellar |
572.50 |
850.00 |
596.00 |
885.00 |
588.00 |
873.00 |
602.00 |
894.00 |
2RS |
Sebastien |
571.00 |
848.00 |
594.50 |
883.50 |
586.50 |
871.50 |
600.50 |
892.50 |
2RS |
Astoria |
571.00 |
848.00 |
594.50 |
883.50 |
586.50 |
871.50 |
600.50 |
892.50 |
2RS |
Cork |
571.00 |
848.00 |
594.50 |
883.50 |
586.50 |
871.50 |
600.50 |
892.50 |
2RS |
Average price |
572.50 |
850.00 |
596.00 |
885.00 |
588.00 |
873.00 |
602.00 |
894.00 |
6RW |
Esterel |
517.00 |
769.50 |
542.00 |
804.50 |
533.50 |
792.50 |
548.00 |
813.50 |
* |
Asia Malt 70/30 |
556.00 |
826.00 |
579.50 |
861.00 |
571.50 |
849.00 |
585.50 |
870.00 |
** |
Asia Malt 50/50 |
545.00 |
809.50 |
569.00 |
845.00 |
560.50 |
833.00 |
575.00 |
854.00 |
EURO = USD 1.4854 February 01, 2008 |
Crop year |
2008 |
Parity |
FOB Antwerp |
Position |
Oct 2008 - Sept 2009 |
Conditioning |
Bulk |
In bags |
Bulk containers |
Bags, containers |
Malting barley variety |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
EURO |
USD |
2RS |
Scarlett |
549.00 |
815.50 |
572.50 |
850.50 |
564.50 |
838.50 |
578.50 |
859.50 |
2RS |
Prestige |
548.00 |
813.50 |
571.50 |
849.00 |
563.50 |
836.50 |
577.50 |
857.50 |
2RS |
Cellar |
546.50 |
812.00 |
570.50 |
847.00 |
562.00 |
835.00 |
576.50 |
856.00 |
2RS |
Sebastien |
545.50 |
810.00 |
569.00 |
845.00 |
561.00 |
833.00 |
575.00 |
854.00 |
2RS |
Astoria |
545.50 |
810.00 |
569.00 |
845.00 |
561.00 |
833.00 |
575.00 |
854.00 |
2RS |
Cork |
545.50 |
810.00 |
569.00 |
845.00 |
561.00 |
833.00 |
575.00 |
854.00 |
2RS |
Average price |
546.50 |
812.00 |
570.50 |
847.00 |
562.00 |
835.00 |
576.50 |
856.00 |
6RW |
Esterel |
494.00 |
735.00 |
518.50 |
770.50 |
510.50 |
758.00 |
524.50 |
779.50 |
* |
Asia Malt 70/30 |
531.00 |
789.00 |
554.50 |
824.00 |
546.50 |
812.00 |
561.00 |
833.00 |
** |
Asia Malt 50/50 |
520.50 |
773.50 |
544.50 |
808.50 |
536.50 |
796.50 |
550.50 |
817.50 |
NB: Prices published are theoretical malt prices including financial cost,
THC (for bulk and bags container) and all administrative costs.
This prices may fluctuate according to the quantity per delivery
and technical specifications.
* - 70/30 = 70% Average two Rows Spring and 30% Six Rows Winter
** - 50/50 = 50% Average two Rows Spring and 50% Six Rows Winter
Source: ABARE, December 2007
Europe Barley Crop Estimate 2007
Country |
Year |
BARLEY |
thereof SPRING BARLEY |
|
|
Area 1000 ha |
Yield 100kg/ha |
Production 1000 t |
Area 1000 ha |
Yield 100kg/ha |
Production 1000 t |
Austria |
2006 |
206 |
44.3 |
913 |
142 |
41.3 |
586 |
2007 |
193 |
41.9 |
809 |
119 |
32.7 |
389 |
Belgium/Lux. |
2006 |
55 |
77.4 |
426 |
9 |
59.0 |
50 |
2007 |
58 |
65.0 |
377 |
8 |
60.0 |
48 |
Denmark |
2006 |
680 |
48.1 |
3 271 |
521 |
45.6 |
2 376 |
2007 |
628 |
49.1 |
3 085 |
459 |
48.8 |
2 240 |
Finland |
2006 |
564 |
34.0 |
1 918 |
564 |
34.0 |
1 918 |
2007 |
550 |
36.0 |
1 980 |
550 |
36.0 |
1 980 |
France |
2006 |
1 662 |
62.7 |
10 421 |
493 |
57.1 |
2 815 |
2007 |
1 705 |
55.5 |
9 463 |
519 |
51.9 |
2 694 |
Germany |
2006 |
2 025 |
59.1 |
11 968 |
542 |
46.4 |
2 515 |
2007 |
1 934 |
54.2 |
10 478 |
496 |
42.7 |
2 118 |
Greece |
2006 |
170 |
16.0 |
272 |
|
|
|
2007 |
200 |
15.0 |
300 |
|
|
|
Ireland |
2006 |
157 |
69.0 |
1 083 |
144 |
70.0 |
1 008 |
2007 |
158 |
62.0 |
1 982 |
141 |
60.0 |
846 |
Italy |
2006 |
325 |
37.5 |
1 219 |
|
|
|
2007 |
335 |
34.3 |
1 149 |
|
|
|
Netherlands |
2006 |
44 |
61.2 |
269 |
41 |
60.7 |
249 |
2007 |
45 |
57.7 |
260 |
41 |
56.6 |
232 |
Portugal |
2006 |
41 |
23.0 |
94 |
|
|
|
2007 |
40 |
19.0 |
76 |
|
|
|
Spain |
2006 |
3 227 |
25.8 |
8 318 |
2 501 |
25.9 |
6 465 |
2007 |
3 220 |
36.0 |
11 592 |
2 537 |
37.3 |
9 463 |
Sweden |
2006 |
307 |
36.2 |
1 111 |
301 |
36.0 |
1 084 |
2007 |
320 |
44.9 |
1 437 |
312 |
44.6 |
1 392 |
U.K. |
2006 |
878 |
59.4 |
5 215 |
494 |
53.2 |
2 628 |
2007 |
885 |
58.2 |
5 151 |
507 |
55.3 |
2 804 |
TOTAL EU-15 |
2006 |
10 341 |
45.0 |
46 497 |
5 792 |
37.7 |
21 694 |
2007 |
10 271 |
45.9 |
47 138 |
5 689 |
42.5 |
24 205 |
Cyprus |
2006 |
50 |
22.0 |
110 |
|
|
|
2007 |
50 |
22.0 |
80 |
|
|
|
Czech Rep. |
2006 |
529 |
37.5 |
1 984 |
426 |
37.0 |
1 576 |
2007 |
499 |
38.5 |
1 921 |
369 |
35.3 |
1 303 |
Estonia |
2006 |
142 |
21.4 |
304 |
142 |
21.4 |
304 |
2007 |
141 |
26.4 |
372 |
139 |
26.5 |
368 |
Hungary |
2006 |
300 |
38.0 |
1 140 |
122 |
36.0 |
439 |
2007 |
329 |
32.4 |
1 053 |
142 |
25.8 |
366 |
Latvia |
2006 |
152 |
16.1 |
245 |
148 |
16.0 |
237 |
2007 |
145 |
23.2 |
336 |
140 |
23.0 |
322 |
Lithuania |
2006 |
383 |
19.4 |
743 |
377 |
19.3 |
728 |
2007 |
375 |
27.2 |
1 020 |
365 |
27.0 |
986 |
Malta |
2006 |
1 |
26.0 |
3 |
|
|
|
2007 |
1 |
26.0 |
3 |
|
|
|
Poland |
2006 |
1 221 |
26.8 |
3 272 |
1 066 |
25.5 |
2 718 |
2007 |
1 235 |
32.9 |
4 063 |
1 061 |
32.1 |
3 406 |
Slovakia |
2006 |
186 |
34.8 |
644 |
166 |
35.2 |
584 |
2007 |
204 |
33.2 |
677 |
185 |
33.0 |
611 |
Slovenia |
2006 |
17 |
36.0 |
61 |
|
|
|
2007 |
20 |
36.8 |
74 |
|
|
|
TOTAL EU-10 |
2006 |
2 980 |
28.5 |
8 505 |
2 447 |
26.9 |
6 586 |
2007 |
2 989 |
32.1 |
9 599 |
2 401 |
30.7 |
7 361 |
TOTAL EU-25 |
2006 |
13 321 |
41.3 |
55 003 |
8 199 |
34.5 |
28 280 |
2007 |
13 260 |
42.8 |
56 738 |
8 090 |
39.0 |
31 566 |
Romania |
2006 |
330 |
21.9 |
723 |
200 |
19.3 |
386 |
2007 |
300 |
8.6 |
258 |
160 |
6.5 |
104 |
Bulgaria |
2006 |
210 |
24.5 |
515 |
25 |
20.0 |
50 |
2007 |
190 |
17.8 |
338 |
25 |
10.0 |
25 |
Serbia |
2006 |
95 |
29.1 |
276 |
50 |
26.5 |
133 |
2007 |
105 |
28.0 |
294 |
35 |
20.0 |
70 |
Croatia |
2006 |
59 |
35.5 |
209 |
|
|
|
2007 |
50 |
35.0 |
210 |
|
|
|
Bosnia |
2006 |
20 |
25.0 |
50 |
|
|
|
2007 |
15 |
24.5 |
37 |
|
|
|
Macedonia |
2006 |
35 |
25.0 |
88 |
|
|
|
2007 |
40 |
25.0 |
90 |
|
|
|
Albania |
2006 |
10 |
30.0 |
30 |
|
|
|
2007 |
10 |
28.0 |
28 |
|
|
|
TOTAL Non - EU |
2006 |
219 |
29.8 |
653 |
50 |
26.5 |
133 |
2007 |
229 |
28.8 |
659 |
35 |
20.0 |
70 |
TOTAL EUROPE 31 |
2006 |
14 080 |
40.4 |
56 893 |
8 474 |
34.6 |
28 848 |
2007 |
13 979 |
41.5 |
57 993 |
8 310 |
38.2 |
31 765 |
Source: COCERAL, Brussels, December, 2007
January 31
1956 The twist off bottle cap is invented
1973 Ragnar Frisch Norwegian economist (Nobel 1969), dies at 77
1990 McDonald’s opens its first restaurant in Russia.
February 1
1788 1st US steamboat patent issued, by Georgia to Briggs & Longstreet
1884 1st volume of the Oxford English Dictionary, A-Ant, published
1898 1st auto insurance policy in US issued, by Travelers Insurance Co
1968 World trade conference Unctad 2 opens in New Delhi
February 2
1914 The Hong Kong Stock Exchange (formerly the Association of Stock Brokers in Hong Kong) is established.
1947 Edwin H. Land, founder of Polaroid Corp., demonstrates the instant camera to 650 scientists assembled at the annual meeting of the Optical Society of America.
1995 Barings Bank, one of the oldest and most distinguished investment banks in the world, declares bankruptcy after rogue trader Nick Leeson loses more than $1.4 billion on unauthorized (and apparently unsupervised) trades in Japanese stock futures.
February 3
1690 1st paper money in America issued (colony of Mass)
1815 World's 1st commercial cheese factory established, in Switzerland
1848 For $15 million, the United States purchases the entire territories of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas, along with parts of Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, from Mexico under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
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