If you want to see this letter from our site, please follow this link. http://www.e-malt.com/Publications.asp?4392
E-Malt.com NewsLetter

Newsletter Summary




E-Malt is a proud endorser of World Beer Cup 2008
Publish Your Own News, Announcement and Event on E-Malt.com


Last five newsletters


Last five graphs

Note: All graphs issued with e-malt.com newsletters are published in "Graph" section of e-malt.com site.



Last five tables

All e-malt.com tables are published in e-malt.com Statistics section. The Statistics section includes Barley statistics, Malt statistics and Beer statistics. The tables related to barley are published in Barley Statistics section, the tables related to malt in Malt Statistics section and the tables related to beer in Beer Statistics section.



Last five prices evolutions


Last five scintific digests


Access to E-malt.com

User name

Password


Use the above form to have a full immediate access to E-malt.com site! Through the drop-down menu you can easily remind your username and password, change your username and password or even edit your account!




Do you know
E-malt.com?

Dear E-malt Reader!

E-malt.com Newsletters Archive could be found directly on e-malt.com site. Browsing through our Newsletters Archive you may see all the issues you have missed. To this purpose you just have to login e-malt.com and click on Newsletters link in the menu. Reading our Newsletters you will be kept informed with the latest news and events regarding malting and beer world. You may also submit your own news, events or other information to the address info@e-malt.com!

Updated figures related to USA barley and malt trade with Mexico and Canada could be seen in NAFTA section of e-malt.com menu. To this purpose please enter e-malt.com!

You may find updated malt, barley and beer statistics on e-malt.com Statistics section. Just enter e-malt.com! Here you will find all tables issued with e-malt.com newsletters.

E-malt.com Agenda gives the possibility to keep you informed about the Events planned to be held in the whole world related to the brewing and malting industries. To this purpose you just have to login e-malt.com and click on Agenda link in the menu. Reading our Event Agenda you will find out about the future symposia, conferences and festivals related to malting and beer world. You may also submit your own events to the address info@e-malt.com

E-malt.com has Trading Online system. The system is to be used for malt/barley trading. One can register a malt/barley offer or a malt/barley request. The registering person could be as a seller/buyer or as an agent for seller/buyer. The User can see information about all active malt/barley offers & requests. If needed the system allows user to buy/sell malt/barley due to reasonable offers/requests. The way to do this is to confirm reasonable transaction. Trading Online rules are available through the Internet in the Trading Online as well as Tutorial (useful for persons who starts the system usage). To visit the E-malt Trading Online first go to the E-malt.com site, then click Trading Online link in the left menu of the e-malt.com home page. For more details please contact info@e-malt.com

Thank You!


E-malt.com Links!




Note

If you have any comments, questions, suggestions or remarks, you can send a mail to: info@e-malt.com. To submit your own news to our editorial team, email to: info@e-malt.com


If you have received this newsletter from a colleague, you can obtain your own subscription here! You are not registered yet? You may register here.


You may recommend our site to your friend by clicking here.


If you do not wish to receive our newsletter, please unsubscribe your e-mail address from our mailing list by sending us an e-mail info@e-malt.com. Please take into consideration your registration data.



E-Malt.com Newsletter 16b
April 17- April 20, 2008
Open!
Click here to get full size Newsletter


Quote of the week

"Time is the scarcest resource and unless it is managed nothing else can be managed."
Peter Drucker
Currency Rates
Base Currency: Euro, EUR
on 18-April-2008

1 EUR = 1.5928 USD
1 EUR = 0.8055 GBP
1 EUR = 1.6 CAD
1 EUR = 1.6994 AUD
1 EUR = 162.647 JPY
1 EUR = 2.6486 BRL
1 EUR = 37.2498 RUB
1 EUR = 11.1411 CNY
Base Currency: US Dollar
on 18-April-2008

1 USD = 0.6278 EUR
1 USD = 0.5057 GBP
1 USD = 1.0045 CAD
1 USD = 1.0669 AUD
1 USD = 102.116 JPY
1 USD = 1.6628 BRL
1 USD = 23.3859 RUB
1 USD = 6.9945 CNY
Currency Rates Chart

Equities of the Largest Breweries

Equities of the Largest Breweries

Average Market Prices Change trend

April 18, 2008

Type Crop 2007 Crop 2008
2rs Barley €248.0-250.0 €259.0-261.0
6rw Barley €221.0-223.0 €233.0-235.0
2rs Malt €505.0-507.0 €501.5-503.5
6rw Malt €470.5-472.5 €468.5-470.5
Feed Barley €183.0-185.0 nq   

Note: Just click on the price link and you will be led to our Market Price History. Average barley market prices are French and are estimated on FOB Creil basis. Average Malt Prices are theoretical and based FOB Antwerp being estimated on French malting barley. The changes are compared to last Newsletter's prices. Arrows indicate the direction of the change.


Top Industry News

Chile: Chile’s largest brewer CCU to invest $400 million through 2010 to expand production capacity ...Click here
Netherlands: Heineken Holding N.V. Annual General Meeting of Shareholders approves acquisition of Scottish & Newcastle ...Click here
Australia: Light beer loses ground to stronger alcohol ...Click here
India: Asia Pacific Breweries plans to set a brewery in North India ...Click here
South Africa: South African Breweries (SAB) has reported flat volume growth in 2007 ...Click here
Australia: Country’s largest malt-maker, Joe White Maltings is set to increase production ...Click here
Japan: Ministry of Agriculture purchases 179,740 MT of feed barley at the SBS tender ...Click here
Europe: Denmark strongly increased its spring barley sowing areas ...Click here
USA: Hops price surge moves U.S. top grower state to plant more ...Click here




UK: Lancashire brewery staff face wait over jobs future ...More Info
Solomon Islands: Beer prices to increase after tax rise ...More Info
India: Brazil's AmBev local currency issuer rating outlook raised to positive ...More Info
Luxembourg: Quilmes Industrial (Quinsa) announces no further conversions of Class A shares into Class B shares shall be permitted ...More Info
China: Tsingtao Brewery Group is getting ready for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games ...More Info
Switzerland: Lausanne hosts Switzerland's largest beer festival ...More Info
USA: Hofbrauhaus Celebrates Its 2,000,000 liter of beer ...More Info
USA: Aladdin Beverage places first order for the Patagonia Blond Ale ...More Info
UK: SABMiller froths up but fails to keep FTSE buoyant ...More Info
USA: Alaskan Brewing gets recognized ...More Info
UK: Shepherd Neame brews special ale to celebrate the Hastings Jack in the Green Festival ...More Info
USA: Coors Brewing Company launches new aluminium beer can end ...More Info
Go to our news database with more than 12571 articles.
Today with the possibility to be translated in 7 different languages!
DE FR SP IT PT RU CN

Brewery News

Chile: Chile’s largest brewer CCU to invest $400 million through 2010 to expand production capacity

Chile's largest brewer, CCU, said it plans to invest some $400 million through 2010, mainly to expanding its production capacity at existing plants, according to Reuters, April 17.

CCU, also Argentina's third-largest brewer, announced last week that sales volume rose 10.8 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2008 from the same period a year earlier.

"Investments will total a little over $400 million," Chief Executive Patricio Jottar told reporters following a shareholders meeting. "This is fundamentally to expand existing plants."

"Our sales volumes are growing in every category, so we need to expand plants in all categories."

In 2007, CCU sales volumes grew 6.1 percent while revenues increased 7.2 percent.


Netherlands: Heineken Holding N.V. Annual General Meeting of Shareholders approves acquisition of Scottish & Newcastle

Heineken Holding N.V. announced that its Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (AGM) has adopted all proposals on the agenda of the annual meeting of Heineken Holding N.V, according to Heineken’s press release, April 17. The most important resolutions and announcements are listed below. Acquisition Scottish & Newcastle plc

The AGM has approved the acquisition by Sunrise Acquisitions Ltd., a company jointly owned by Heineken N.V. and Carlsberg A/S, of the entire issued and to be issued share capital of Scottish & Newcastle plc and the subsequent 100% shareholding by Heineken N.V. of Sunrise Acquisitions Ltd. after transfer by it of certain businesses of Scottish & Newcastle plc to Carlsberg A/S. Dividend

The Board of Directors announced the distribution of a dividend over 2007 of €0.70 per ordinary share of €1.60 nominal value. Since an interim dividend of €0.24 was paid on 20 September 2007, the final dividend will be €0.46 per ordinary share. The final dividend will be made payable as of Friday 25 April 2008. Heineken Holding N.V. shares will be quoted ex-dividend on Monday 21 April 2008.


Australia: Light beer loses ground to stronger alcohol

Australians are turning their backs on lower-strength beers and boosting sales of higher-alcohol pre-mixed drinks, fuelling fresh concerns that the nation's young are developing a drinking problem, Australian media reported April 16.

Australian Bureau of Statistics data released yesterday show growth in the availability of pre-mixed drinks outstripped increases in all other categories of alcohol.

Low- and mid-strength beers fared worst, with supply volumes falling by 7.8per cent and 10.9 per cent respectively to 199 million and 223 million litres.

But full-strength beers gained ground last year, up 1.7per cent from 2006 to 1.3 billion litres.

Gino Vumbaca, executive director of the Australian National Council on Drugs, said the shift in preference to stronger, ready-to-drink alcohol worried him.

He said it coincided with a rise in risky drinking patterns, despite the steady rates of consumption of pure alcohol on a per capita basis identified in the ABS report.

"It's time to stop treating alcohol as just another thing on the grocery shelf. It's not - it's a drug," Mr Vumbaca said.

He said alcohol should face restrictions in its production, marketing, distribution and use, starting with a crackdown on pre-mixed drinks targeting the young.

"What we've seen is an onslaught of advertising, particularly for the pre-mixed drinks, the ...More Info


India: Asia Pacific Breweries plans to set a brewery in North India

Asia Pacific Breweries said it is looking at either setting up a brewery in north India or acquiring an existing one, but has not set any timeline for the purpose, Economic Times reported April 16.

"We desire to have a brewery in north India especially in Punjab or Harayana or Rajasthan. There is no timeline set for it as we are not in a hurry," Asia Pacific Breweries Regional Director Vivek Chhabra told reporters here.

Chhabra was in the city to launch the company's flagship beer brand Tiger.

At present, the company has breweries at Aurangabad in Maharashtra and Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, to feed the western and southern regions.

Soon, Tiger beer would be launched in Delhi and Andhra Pradesh where it is working to get the approvals, he said. The company has invested $50 million for both its breweries in India and it is prepared to invest more in its brewery in the north.

"Funding is not an issue. Our investments in India are a fraction of what it is in China. We are open to new opportunities," Chhabra said. For Tiger beer, the company imports all the ingredients and prepares liquor at the company's Aurangabad unit.

Last year, it launched Baron's Strong Beer. ...More Info


South Africa: South African Breweries (SAB) has reported flat volume growth in 2007

South African Breweries (SAB) has reported flat volume growth in SA although it lost Amstel last March, Business Day reported April 17. The licence to brew Amstel, which accounted for 9% of SA sales, was yanked by Heineken and the beer is now fully imported. SAB initially expected to gain back 4,5% of its Amstel share and the launch of Hansa Marzen Gold just after SA ran out of Amstel was well received. Other brands in the SAB stable also benefited, such as Castle Light. A fuller picture should emerge when full year results are released next month.

Heineken did not get the brew back into SA until October. The move was costly -- importing full bottles cannot be cheap -- and now there is a R4.7bn investment by it and partner Diageo in a brewery.

Just how much market it commands is not clear, but it cannot be more than 10%, as SAB had 98% before losing Amstel. But SAB doesn't seem worried. The brewery will be up only at the end of next year, and SAB has proven its ability to hold on to market share.


Malt News

Australia: Country’s largest malt-maker, Joe White Maltings is set to increase production

Australia’s largest malt manufacturer, Joe White Maltings, is set to increase production at its Devonport plant to keep up with increased demand, ABB reported April 18.

The Tasmanian plant, which has been in operation since 1967 and is wholly owned by leading Australian agribusiness ABB Grain, has a current capacity of 5000 tonnes.

Barley and Malt Business Unit Manager for ABB Grain Rob Wicks said the Devonport plant was dedicated to supplying premium malt to the James Boag & Sons brewery in Launceston.

“We are expanding our production capacity to meet the increasing demand from Boags for premium Tasmanian malt produced from premium Tasmanian malting barley,” he said.

The Tasmanian plant was extensively refitted in 2004 with reconditioning of its germination drums. The recommissioning of a third drum will take the plant capacity from 5000 tonnes to about 7000 tonnes.

Mr Wicks said the upgrades would result in improved prospects for Tasmanian barley growers.

“This means that Tasmanian barley growers will have additional, secure, long-term demand for their malting barley,” he said.

“ABB Grain is eager to meet with barley growers in Tasmania and will have a stall at the three-day Agfest field day event early next month.”

Joe White Maltings recently celebrated its 150th anniversary. Since its ...More Info


Barley News

Japan: Ministry of Agriculture purchases 179,740 MT of feed barley at the SBS tender

Japan’s Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) held its second 2008 Simultaneous Buy and Sell (SBS) program for feed barley on April 16, 2008, U.S. Grains Council reported in a press release, April 17.The tender amount announced by MAFF was 331,000 metric tons (15.2 million bushels) of feed barley.

The actual tendered quantities were 179,740 metric tons (8.2 million bushels).

“Based on conversations with Japanese trade, we estimate the results for the second SBS feed barley tender in 2008 to include 54,740 tons (2.5 million bushels) from the United States, 10,000 tons (459,000 bushels) from Canada and 105,000 tons (4.8 million bushels) being sourced from Australia,” said Cary Sifferath, U.S. Grains Council senior director in Japan. “However, remember that these are just estimates based on discussions with Japanese trade. We are still trying to clear up how much Canadian barley was traded. It is possible that the 10,000 tons (459,000 bushels) I mentioned is also U.S. barley.”

He said Argentina stepped in as a small player during the last tender, but did not have a presence at the most recent SBS. However, Australia made its way back into the SBS tenders after seeing limited or even zero amounts over the last four ...More Info


Europe: Denmark strongly increased its spring barley sowing areas

After several transactions in old crop, the malting barley market was calm this week, according to La Depeche, April 18. The operators are in expectation of the new crop, although there are some agreements in Esterel.

Denmark importantly increased its surfaces in spring barley. According to Cocereal’s estimations the total surfaces will reach 550,000 ha against 459,000 ha in 2007 and a forecasted production of 2.78 Mt (2.24 Mt in 2007).

Cocereal forecasts German spring barley production at 2.42 Mt against 2.12 Mt in 2007. But this country is suffering from abundant rains which could harm the sowings.

The sowings are at 90% in England, 40% in Scotland, 25% in Denmark, 10% in Sweden and 70% In Germany.

The prices for feed barley slightly decreased this week following the prices fro wheat. There were some non-important deals from food producers.


Hops News

USA: Hops price surge moves U.S. top grower state to plant more

A rare and dramatic surge in the price of hops used in beer-brewing is drawing more farmland and investment into the crop in Washington, the top state in the nation for hops production, Puget Sound Business Journal published April 11.

The price of the pure resin extract of hop cones, the ingredient that gives beer a tinge of bitterness, has climbed nearly 5-fold, to about $200 a kilogram from $40 several years ago, said Steve Carpenter, CEO of Yakima Chief Inc., a Sunnyside hops processor.

Last year, Washington hops farmers planted 22,745 acres of hops, up from a low of 19,382 acres in 2004, according to National Agricultural Statistics Services numbers. This year, forecasts call for another 5,000 acres to be planted, at a cost of about $30 million.

The higher prices have rapidly boosted hops farmers' income in the state. Revenue from hops is up 46 percent, to $128 million in 2007, from 2006 and is expected to climb again this year.

Scientific Digest

Agricultural drought and spring barley yields in the Czech Republic

M. Trnka1, P. Hlavinka1, D. Semerádová1, M. Dubrovský2, Z. Žalud1, M. Možný3

1Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic; 2Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; 3Agrometeorological Observatory in Doksany, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic

ABSTRACT
The relationship between detrended district yields of spring barley (1961–2000) and meteorological drought was assessed by Palmer Z-index. We found that the seasonal water balance (April–June) significantly (P = 0.05) influences the spring barley production in 51 out of 62 evaluated districts. Coefficients of correlation varied in individual districts from 0.19 to 0.70, with the highest values being found in southern Moravia. Data analysis revealed the presence of six distinct groups of districts with a specific drought-yield relationship. The most drought-sensitive cluster included five districts in the South East of the country. On the other hand, the districts in Northern Moravia and Silesia belong among the least sensitive to agricultural drought. The study also defined threshold values of seasonal drought (sums of relative Palmer Z-index lower than –8 and –10, respectively), below which medium to severe spring barley yield reductions are very likely, regardless of the district of occurrence.
... Load full article, 6 pages, 2.224 Kb, PDF file

Barley Prices

French Malting Barley Prices. Nominal prices
EURO = USD 1.5928 April 18, 2008 
 Crop year   2007   2008 
 Parity   FOB Creil   FOB Creil 
 Position   July 2007   July 2008 
Type   Variety  EURO  USD  EURO  USD 
2RS  Scarlett  251.00  400.00  262.00  417.50 
2RS  Prestige  250.00  398.50  261.00  416.00 
2RS  Cellar  249.00  397.00  260.00  414.50 
2RS  Sebastien  248.00  395.50  259.00  412.50 
2RS  Astoria  248.00  395.50  259.00  412.50 
2RS  Cork   248.00  395.50  259.00  412.50 
6RW  Esterel   222.00  354.00  234.00  373.00 

French Feed Barley Prices. Nominal prices
EURO = USD 1.5928 April 18, 2008
Crop year 2007
Parity FOB Creil
Position July 2007
Type EURO USD
Feed Barley 184.00 293.50

Prices for Danish malting barley are available
on site www.e-malt.com/MarketPrices

Theoretical Malt Prices

EURO = USD 1.5928 April 18, 2008
Crop year  2007 
Parity  FOB Antwerp 
Position  Apr 2008 - Sept 2008 
Conditioning  Bulk   In bags  Bulk containers Bags, containers
Malting barley variety  EURO  USD  EURO  USD  EURO  USD  EURO  USD 
2RS  Scarlett  508.50  809.50  532.00  847.50  524.00  834.50  538.00  857.00 
2RS  Prestige  507.00  807.50  531.00  845.50  522.50  832.50  537.00  855.00 
2RS  Cellar  506.00  805.50  529.50  843.50  521.50  830.50  535.50  853.00 
2RS  Sebastien  504.50  803.50  528.50  841.50  520.50  828.50  534.50  851.00 
2RS  Astoria  504.50  803.50  528.50  841.50  520.50  828.50  534.50  851.00 
2RS  Cork   504.50  803.50  528.50  841.50  520.50  828.50  534.50  851.00 
2RS   Average price  506.00  805.50  529.50  843.50  521.50  830.50  535.50  853.00 
6RW  Esterel   471.50  752.50  496.50  790.50  488.50  777.50  502.50  800.00 
Asia Malt 70/30  496.00  790.00  519.50  827.50  511.50  814.50  525.50  837.00 
**  Asia Malt 50/50  489.50  779.50  513.00  817.00  505.00  804.00  519.00  826.50 


EURO = USD 1.5928 April 18, 2008 
Crop year  2008 
Parity  FOB Antwerp 
Position  Oct 2008 - Sept 2009 
Conditioning  Bulk   In bags  Bulk containers Bags, containers
Malting barley variety  EURO USD EURO  USD EURO USD  EURO  USD
2RS  Scarlett  505.00  804.00  528.50  841.50  520.50  829.00  534.50  851.50 
2RS  Prestige  503.50  802.00  527.50  839.50  519.00  827.00  533.50  849.50 
2RS  Cellar  502.50  800.00  526.00  838.00  518.00  825.00  532.00  847.50 
2RS  Sebastien  501.00  798.00  525.00  836.00  516.50  823.00  531.00  845.50 
2RS  Astoria  501.00  798.00  525.00  836.00  516.50  823.00  531.00  845.50 
2RS  Cork   501.00  798.00  525.00  836.00  516.50  823.00  531.00  845.50 
2RS   Average price  502.50  800.00  526.00  838.00  518.00  825.00  532.00  847.50 
6RW  Esterel   469.50  749.00  494.00  787.00  486.00  774.00  500.00  796.50 
Asia Malt 70/30  493.00  785.00  516.50  822.50  508.50  809.50  522.50  832.00 
**  Asia Malt 50/50  486.50  774.50  510.00  812.50  502.00  799.50  516.00  822.00 

NB: Prices published are theoretical malt prices including financial cost, THC (for bulk and bags container) and all administrative costs. This prices may fluctuate according to the quantity per delivery and technical specifications.

* - 70/30 = 70% Average two Rows Spring and 30% Six Rows Winter
** - 50/50 = 50% Average two Rows Spring and 50% Six Rows Winter

Table of the Week

Barley balance sheet in the European Union, 2004-2014

in mln tonnes 2004  2005  2006  2007  2008  2009  2010  2011  2012  2013  2014 
 Usable production  60.94  52.68  54.56  57.34  57.79  56.36  58.02  58.73  59.26  59.20  59.59 
 of which EU-15  51.21  43.17  46.30  46.75  47.42  46.81  47.32  47.87  48.31  48.67  48.93 
 EU-10  9.73  9.51  8.25  9.33  8.81  7.98  9.11  9.24  9.34  8.98  9.11 
 EU-2        1.27  1.57  1.58  1.59  1.62  1.61  1.55  1.55 
 of which non-food set aside    0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00 
 Consumption  48.18  48.18  51.51  51.86  51.39  50.73  50.90  50.78  50.67  50.53  50.30 
 of which food and industrial  8.79  8.27  8.26  9.39  9.39  9.40  9.41  9.42  9.42  9.43  9.43 
 of which feed  36.26  36.43  39.14  39.24  38.47  37.79  37.90  37.75  37.62  37.46  37.24 
 of which bioenergy  0.20  0.70  0.74  0.51  0.77  0.81  0.85  0.89  0.89  0.89  0.89 
 of which EU-15 39.10  39.54  42.62  39.79  39.99  39.41  39.60  39.60  39.62  39.66  39.61 
 EU-10  9.08  8.64  8.88  9.78  8.98  8.90  8.86  8.80  8.67  8.50  8.36 
 EU-2        2.30  2.42  2.43  2.43  2.38  2.38  2.37  2.33 
 Imports  0.40  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30  0.30 
 Exports  6.71  5.80  6.30  6.00  6.58  7.05  7.39  8.26  8.88  8.95  9.61 
 Beginning stocks  7.76  14.22  13.21  10.27  10.05  10.17  9.05  9.08  9.08  9.09  9.11 
 Ending stocks  14.22  13.21  10.27  10.05  10.17  9.05  9.08  9.08  9.09  9.11  9.08 
 of which intervention  1.61  2.05  0.10  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00 
 of which EU-15  1.20  1.70  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00 
 of which EU-10  0.41  0.35  0.10  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00 
 of which EU-2        0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00  0.00 

EU-10: Member States that joined the European Union on May, 1st 2004
EU-2: Bulgaria and Romania
Source: Coceral, April 2008
Graph of the Week


Source: Canada Brewers Association

These Days in Business History

April 14
1863 William Bullock patents continuous-roll printing press
1900 President Loubet opens International Fairs in Paris
1987 Turkey asks to join European market

April 15
1892 General Electric Company, forms and is incorporated in New York
1952 Franklin National Bank issues 1st bank credit card
1973 Walt Disney Store opens

April 16
1948 Organization for European Economic Cooperation (EEC) forms in Paris
1986 IBM produces 1st megabit-chip

April 17
1704 1st successful U.S. newspaper; published in Boston by John Campbell
1933 Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt announces that he will issue an executive order embargoing exports of gold and free the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to float against foreign currencies.
1989 An all-financial-news TV service premieres, as CNBC airs its first market broadcast.

April 18
1921 Junior Achievement incorporated in Colorado Springs Colo
1948 International Court of Justice opens at Hague Netherlands
1968 London Bridge is sold to U.S. oil company to be erected in Arizona
Agenda